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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, more tart flavor profile and are often utilized in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans make up 75% of global production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in taste than Robusta, and come in a variety profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary significantly based on the coffee bean shop growing conditions and methods of processing used to produce it.

The word "coffee" actually comes from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became more energetic after eating the berries, and that the cultivation of bulk buy coffee beans quickly became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are able to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons why Arabica is regarded as the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops insist on the ethical source of their arabica beans by focusing on fair compensation for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending gives you control over the flavour, aroma and body as well as the acidity of the coffee. It is often preferred in order to achieve a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular kind of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids can cause oxidation in the process of brewing coffee and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

While it might seem contradictory it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee bean suppliers near me it's possible there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority of roasters use a mix of the two varieties in order to cut costs and ensure quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the best quality beans from a reliable source. This can be achieved by purchasing your beans direct from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and can withstand humid, hot climates. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. It is possible to purchase the seeds online from many sources, but it's best to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants are fertile, deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH, and adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered to be a separate species but was later re-classified to be a subspecies of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants that reach 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular choice for blends that are house-made. They have a milder scent and a lower caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be a different coffee plant species up until 2006, when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape, and an intriguing dark flavor. They're often used in blends to add body and a rich tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive best at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They have a slight acidity. If properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored coffee worldwide, and accounts for about 40% of the coffee consumed globally. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, but they have more caffeine than Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two types and have an earthy, woody taste.

Now that you've learned the four most common types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect coffee. If you're looking for a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.